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American philosopher and gender theorist whose Gender Trouble (1990) and Bodies That Matter (1993) transformed how we understand sex, gender, and the body. Her theory of performativity — the argument that gender is not an expression of a prior identity but a set of repeated acts that produce the appearance of a stable inner self — has been foundational for queer theory, feminist philosophy, and the study of how bodies are made legible or illegible in public space.
